Gardening enthusiasts know the joys of growing crops that return season after season. Perennial crops not only reduce the need for yearly planting but also improve soil health, support biodiversity, and provide consistent harvests. If you’re looking to create a sustainable and productive garden, here are 7 of the best perennial crops that promise bountiful harvests year after year.
1. Asparagus
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is one of the most beloved perennial vegetables. Once established, asparagus can produce for 15 to 20 years, providing a reliable and delicious harvest each spring.
It is is typically ready to harvest in its third year. During the harvesting season (spring), cut the spears when they are about 6 to 8 inches tall, before they start to fern out. To maintain plant health, limit harvesting to about 8 weeks in the spring.
It is not only a delicious addition to meals but also rich in vitamins A, C, E, and K, as well as folate and fiber. Its high antioxidant content helps support overall health.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: Asparagus thrives in well-drained, sandy loam soil enriched with organic matter. It prefers a pH of 7.0 to 8.0.
- Sunlight: Full sun is essential, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
- Water: Regular watering is crucial, especially during the first two years when plants are establishing.
2. Rhubarb
Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) is often classified as a vegetable but is commonly used in desserts. Its tart flavor pairs beautifully with strawberries and other fruits, making it a staple in many gardens.
It can be harvested in its second year. The stalks should be picked when they are 12 to 18 inches long, and only the stalks are edible—leaves should be discarded as they contain oxalic acid, which is toxic.
It is low in calories and packed with dietary fiber, making it a great choice for healthy eating. It’s also rich in vitamin K and contains antioxidants that promote overall health.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: Rhubarb prefers fertile, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
- Sunlight: It grows best in full sun, although partial shade can be tolerated.
- Water: Ensure consistent moisture, especially during the growing season.
3. Berry Bushes (Blueberries, Raspberries, Blackberries)
Berry bushes are perennial favorites for home gardeners. They not only provide delicious fruit but also add beauty and habitat for wildlife to your garden.
Berries are not only tasty but also packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases and are known for their anti-inflammatory properties.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: Berries prefer well-draining, loamy soil with high organic matter. Blueberries, in particular, require acidic soil (pH 4.5 to 5.5).
- Sunlight: Most berry bushes thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade.
- Water: Consistent moisture is crucial, especially during fruiting.
Harvesting
- Blueberries: Typically harvested in late spring to summer, berries should be plump and fully colored.
- Raspberries and Blackberries: Harvest from mid-summer to fall, picking when berries are fully ripe and easily detach from the plant.
4. Artichokes
Artichokes (Cynara cardunculus) are unique perennial vegetables that are both decorative and delicious. Their stunning purple flowers are a sight to behold, and the edible buds are a culinary delight.
They can be harvested in their second year. The buds should be picked when they are still tight and before they begin to open. If allowed to flower, they produce stunning purple blooms, which can also attract pollinators.
They are low in calories and high in fiber, making them great for digestion. They also contain antioxidants and are known to support liver health.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: Artichokes thrive in rich, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.0.
- Sunlight: Full sun is essential for optimal growth.
- Water: Regular watering is necessary, particularly during dry spells.
5. Chives
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a hardy perennial herb that adds a mild onion flavor to dishes. Their vibrant green color and delicate purple flowers make them a lovely addition to any garden.
They can be harvested throughout the growing season. Simply snip off the leaves as needed, ensuring to leave some behind for continued growth. The flowers are also edible and can be used in salads or as garnishes.
They are rich in vitamins A and C, and their antimicrobial properties can help boost the immune system. They also contain beneficial compounds that support heart health.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: Chives prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
- Sunlight: They thrive in full sun but can tolerate partial shade.
- Water: Moderate watering is needed, with the soil kept consistently moist but not soggy.
6. Perennial Peas
Perennial peas (Lathyrus spp.) are a lesser-known but fantastic option for gardeners. They are not only easy to grow but also provide nitrogen-fixing benefits to the soil.
They are ready to be harvested in late spring to early summer. The young pods are edible and can be eaten fresh or cooked. Regular harvesting encourages more pod production.
They are a great source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Their ability to fix nitrogen helps improve soil fertility, making them beneficial companions in the garden.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: They prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
- Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade is ideal.
- Water: Consistent moisture is important, especially during the flowering and pod development phases.
7. Horseradish
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a vigorous perennial that is prized for its pungent root. It adds a spicy kick to dishes and can be easily grown in many gardens.
These root veggies are typically harvested in the fall after the first frost, which enhances their flavor. Use a shovel to carefully dig up the roots, and store them in a cool, dark place.
It is known for its high vitamin C content and potential anti-inflammatory properties. It can also aid digestion and respiratory health.
Growing Conditions
- Soil: Horseradish prefers deep, rich, well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
- Sunlight: Full sun is best, but it can tolerate partial shade.
- Water: Regular watering is essential, particularly during dry periods.